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Operations / LESSON 09

Visual contact and crew coordination · FAA Part 107

9 min + practice · Original foundation lesson

The required visual line of sight is not replaced by a camera feed or binocular-only observation; crew arrangements must satisfy the actual VLOS requirements.

Conditions and concepts

The required visual line of sight is not replaced by a camera feed or binocular-only observation; crew arrangements must satisfy the actual VLOS requirements. When using a visual observer, the crew must coordinate and maintain effective communication; the remote PIC retains operational responsibility. Absent an applicable waiver, a person may not operate or act as remote PIC or VO for more than one unmanned aircraft at the same time. Part 107prohibits operation from a moving aircraft; the moving land/water vehicle provision has specific sparsely-populated and carriage conditions.

Worked decisions

A drone is hidden behind a building but its camera feed remains clear. What issue remains without applicable approval? The required visual line of sight is not replaced by a camera feed or binocular-only observation; crew arrangements must satisfy the actual VLOS requirements. The supported result is The required visual line of sight is lost. A visual observer sees approaching traffic but has no effective way to alert the remote PIC. What deficiency exists? When using a visual observer, the crew must coordinate and maintain effective communication; the remote PIC retains operational responsibility. The supported result is The crew's communication arrangement. One person proposes acting as remote PIC for two simultaneous small UAS operations without a waiver. Which issue arises? Absent an applicable waiver, a person may not operate or act as remote PIC or VO for more than one unmanned aircraft at the same time. The supported result is The multiple-aircraft restriction. A remote pilot proposes controlling a small UAS from a moving manned aircraft under ordinaryPart 107without applicable relief. Which rule issue matters? Part 107prohibits operation from a moving aircraft; the moving land/water vehicle provision has specific sparsely-populated and carriage conditions. The supported result is The moving-aircraft prohibition.

A change that matters

A pilot relies solely on a first-person-view display while no required visual contact is maintained. What must be resolved? The required visual line of sight is not replaced by a camera feed or binocular-only observation; crew arrangements must satisfy the actual VLOS requirements. Here choose Compliance with the VLOS requirement. A remote PIC assigns an observer but assumes this transfers all responsibility for the flight. What is incorrect? When using a visual observer, the crew must coordinate and maintain effective communication; the remote PIC retains operational responsibility. Here choose The remote PIC retains responsibility. One visual observer is assigned to two simultaneous aircraft operations without applicable relief. Which check is needed? Absent an applicable waiver, a person may not operate or act as remote PIC or VO for more than one unmanned aircraft at the same time. Here choose Compliance with the one-aircraft-at-a-time restriction. A plan relies on the moving land-vehicle provision. What location condition needs evaluation? Part 107prohibits operation from a moving aircraft; the moving land/water vehicle provision has specific sparsely-populated and carriage conditions. Here choose Whether the operation is over a sparsely populated area.

Transfer check and reasoning

A clear video feed continues after the aircraft passes behind a building. What requirement needs reassessment? The actual visual-contact requirement. The image feed does not automatically restore VLOS or waive the rule.

WORKED EXAMPLE

A drone is hidden behind a building but its camera feed remains clear. What issue remains without applicable approval?

  1. The relevant case condition is: A drone is hidden behind a building but its camera feed remains clear.
  2. The required visual line of sight is not replaced by a camera feed or binocular-only observation; crew arrangements must satisfy the actual VLOS requirements.
  3. Therefore choose “The required visual line of sight is lost”. The alternatives must be tested against that same stated condition; an unrelated document, unit or approval cannot supply a missing requirement.
Answer: The required visual line of sight is lost
Compare the other answer choices
Use the clear onboard view as a complete substitute for the lost visual contact

The camera feed does not by itself restore the required VLOS.

Treat a normal airspace authorization as automatic relief from visual-contact requirements

Airspace authorization does not automatically waive VLOS.

Use a long-range command link as proof that visual-contact requirements are met

Command range and required visual observation are different conditions.

Try it, then explain it.

Complete a short set without looking at the example. After each answer, explain which evidence or rule supports your decision and why the alternatives do not fit.

Practice this skill

Sources & authorship

Original Slope explanations and examples. References support the concepts; they are not the source of copied questions. Independent educator review is pending.

Faa Ac107 2A