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Advanced Math / LESSON 06

Quadratic structure · SAT Math

10 min + practice · Original foundation lesson

A quadratic can be written in standard, factored, or vertex form. Each form makes a different feature easy to read.

A reliable method

Set an equation equal to zero before factoring. For ax² + bx + c = 0, the roots sum to −b/a.

The common trap

Setting factors equal to zero works only when their product equals zero. A vertex value and a root are different features.

Make the connection

The discriminant b² − 4ac determines the number of distinct real roots: positive means two, zero means one, and negative means none.

Select a form for the requested feature

For y=(x−3)²−4, the vertex is (3,−4), so the minimum output is −4. To find zeros, set y=0: (x−3)²=4, giving x=1 or 5. Expanding gives x²−6x+5; the roots sum to 6 and multiply to 5. Each form reveals a different feature of the same curve.

Keep zero-product reasoning conditional

From (x−1)(x−5)=0, either factor may be zero. From (x−1)(x−5)=8, setting a factor to zero does not solve the equation because the product would then be zero. Move all terms to one side before applying the zero-product property. A graph can suggest roots, but substitution confirms exact values.

Try, then check

For 2x²−8x+c=0 to have one distinct real root, set the discriminant 64−8c to zero. Thus c=8 and the equation becomes 2(x−2)²=0. Check that the repeated root is 2. The constant 8 is the answer to the parameter question; the root 2 answers a different question.

Original diagram: signed multiplication makes each term visible.
Original diagram: signed multiplication makes each term visible.
Open full-size diagram ↗
WORKED EXAMPLE

What is the larger solution of (x − 3)(x + 4) = 0?

  1. A product is zero if at least one factor is zero.
  2. The roots are x = 3 and x = −4.
  3. The larger root is 3.
Answer: 3
Compare the other answer choices
4

Lost the sign when solving x+b=0.

-3

Lost the sign when solving x−a=0.

-1

Reported the sum of the roots.

Try it, then explain it.

Complete a short set without looking at the example. After each answer, explain which operation preserved the relationship and why the result makes sense.

Practice this skill

Sources & authorship

Original Slope explanations and examples. References support the concepts; they are not the source of copied questions. Independent educator review is pending.

Official mathematics skillsSiyavula Grade 10 mathematicsQuadratic equations by factoring