Practice original arguments and close-reading selections with reasons for every choice.
Read 10 original sample questions with worked explanations before opening the practice studio. These examples introduce selected topics from this LSAT Reasoning foundation path.
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What this practice covers
Logical Reasoning and Reading Comprehension foundations for the current cycle through June 2027; original shortened reading selections
200 five-choice original foundation tasks:131 Logical Reasoning and69 Reading Comprehension. Linked teaching sets and shortened passages differ from official LR/RC presentation; no timed simulation or score conversion.
10 public examples200 question variants in the studio68 task families
Review status: Independent educator review and learner calibration are pending. Use these selected foundation examples alongside the coverage map and current official references.
Work out your answer first, then compare the explanation. This stable selection uses distinct task families across the available learning domains.
QUESTION 01Logical Reasoning
Separate support from the conclusion
Every member of a quartet is an excellent solo pianist. The four musicians have only just begun rehearsing together. An advocate concludes: The quartet must already be excellent at ensemble performance.
Which statement is the advocate's main conclusion?
Any group made of excellent soloists is excellent at every collective musical task.
Their first rehearsals reveal that they cannot keep time together.
The quartet must already be excellent at ensemble performance.
Every member of a quartet is an excellent solo pianist.
The four musicians have only just begun rehearsing together.
Answer: The quartet must already be excellent at ensemble performance.
The advocate offers these observations: Every member of a quartet is an excellent solo pianist. The four musicians have only just begun rehearsing together.
The target claim is introduced as what the advocate concludes: The quartet must already be excellent at ensemble performance.
Identifying a conclusion does not require accepting it; the task concerns its argumentative role.
Compare the other answer choices
Every member of a quartet is an excellent solo pianist.
This is a stated premise, offered as evidence rather than the target conclusion.
The four musicians have only just begun rehearsing together.
This is background or supporting information, not the claim the advocate infers.
Any group made of excellent soloists is excellent at every collective musical task.
This adds a stronger claim than the advocate actually states.
Their first rehearsals reveal that they cannot keep time together.
This is a possible counterfinding, not the claim the advocate aims to establish.
Reference basis: Logical Reasoning skills. These are original learning questions, not questions reproduced from the references.
QUESTION 02Reading Comprehension
Map a passage before collecting details
Original foundation reading selection (shorter than a full official passage):
City seed banks are often praised as insurance against the disappearance of plant varieties. Storage, however, is only one part of preservation. Seeds from some species lose viability quickly, and even long-lived seeds must eventually be grown so that fresh seed can be collected. Growing plants in a single garden also exposes them to a limited range of conditions. A network of community gardens can therefore complement a central seed bank: gardens maintain living populations under varied conditions, while the bank provides a reserve when a garden fails. This arrangement requires careful records so that varieties are not confused. Neither storage nor cultivation alone removes every risk, but the two approaches protect against different failures.
Which statement best expresses the central point?
Seeds with long storage lives are immune to every environmental threat, so cultivation adds no preservation value.
Community gardens should entirely replace centralized seed storage.
Seed storage and distributed cultivation can complement each other in preserving plant varieties.
The main purpose of a seed bank is to keep a catalog of gardening preferences.
Maintaining plant varieties primarily requires choosing one universally superior method rather than combining methods with different weaknesses.
Answer: Seed storage and distributed cultivation can complement each other in preserving plant varieties.
Read the whole selection, including its qualifications.
Seed storage and distributed cultivation can complement each other in preserving plant varieties.
The detail 'Some stored seeds lose viability quickly.' helps develop that central point but is narrower than it.
Compare the other answer choices
Community gardens should entirely replace centralized seed storage.
This summary changes or overstates the position actually developed in this selection; it is not the passage-wide qualified main point.
The main purpose of a seed bank is to keep a catalog of gardening preferences.
This summary changes or overstates the position actually developed in this selection; it is not the passage-wide qualified main point.
Seeds with long storage lives are immune to every environmental threat, so cultivation adds no preservation value.
This summary changes or overstates the position actually developed in this selection; it is not the passage-wide qualified main point.
Maintaining plant varieties primarily requires choosing one universally superior method rather than combining methods with different weaknesses.
This summary changes or overstates the position actually developed in this selection; it is not the passage-wide qualified main point.
Reference basis: Reading Comprehension skills. These are original learning questions, not questions reproduced from the references.
QUESTION 03Logical Reasoning
Match the sample to the population
A library emailed its newsletter subscribers about Sunday opening. Of the 120 subscribers who replied, 92 favored Sunday opening. An advocate concludes: Most town residents favor Sunday opening.
Which description most accurately identifies the reasoning error?
It concludes that every newsletter reader favors Sunday opening despite the reported opposition among respondents.
It equates the number of replies with the strength of each preference.
It generalizes from a self-selected group of newsletter readers to all town residents.
It assumes that residents can benefit from Sunday opening only if they already subscribe to the library newsletter.
It treats every nonresponse as a vote against Sunday opening.
Answer: It generalizes from a self-selected group of newsletter readers to all town residents.
The argument moves from a library emailed its newsletter subscribers about Sunday opening.
It generalizes from a self-selected group of newsletter readers to all town residents.
The other descriptions attribute procedures or inferences that the advocate never uses.
Compare the other answer choices
It equates the number of replies with the strength of each preference.
This description attributes a different inference to the advocate. Compare its stated subject and commitment with the actual premises and conclusion.
It treats every nonresponse as a vote against Sunday opening.
This description attributes a different inference to the advocate. Compare its stated subject and commitment with the actual premises and conclusion.
It concludes that every newsletter reader favors Sunday opening despite the reported opposition among respondents.
This description attributes a different inference to the advocate. Compare its stated subject and commitment with the actual premises and conclusion.
It assumes that residents can benefit from Sunday opening only if they already subscribe to the library newsletter.
This description attributes a different inference to the advocate. Compare its stated subject and commitment with the actual premises and conclusion.
Reference basis: Logical Reasoning skills. These are original learning questions, not questions reproduced from the references.
QUESTION 04Reading Comprehension
Infer carefully from the text
Original foundation reading selection (shorter than a full official passage):
A pilot study is often asked to do two jobs: show that a procedure can be carried out and show that it works. These jobs require different kinds of evidence. A small pilot can reveal that participants misunderstand instructions or that equipment frequently fails. It will usually provide much less certainty about a modest treatment effect, because outcomes vary even when no treatment is given. Calling a pilot inconclusive about effectiveness need not dismiss it as a failure. It may have answered a practical question that must be resolved before a larger trial can be informative.
Which statement is most strongly supported by the selection?
A pilot that leaves effectiveness uncertain necessarily produces no useful knowledge.
Every small pilot can determine precisely whether a treatment works.
A study can succeed at its feasibility objective while leaving a treatment-effect question open.
The passage establishes the opposite of this claim: a study can succeed at its feasibility objective while leaving a treatment-effect question open.
The author argues that larger trials never need reliable procedures.
Answer: A study can succeed at its feasibility objective while leaving a treatment-effect question open.
The relevant detail is: A pilot can reveal confusing instructions or unreliable equipment.
A study can succeed at its feasibility objective while leaving a treatment-effect question open.
This inference preserves the author's qualifications without importing a universal or opposite claim.
Compare the other answer choices
Every small pilot can determine precisely whether a treatment works.
This stronger generalization is not established by the text.
A pilot that leaves effectiveness uncertain necessarily produces no useful knowledge.
This is incompatible with an explicit distinction or claim in the text.
The author argues that larger trials never need reliable procedures.
This misstates what the author accepts or rejects.
The passage establishes the opposite of this claim: a study can succeed at its feasibility objective while leaving a treatment-effect question open.
The passage supports the stated inference rather than its opposite.
Reference basis: Reading Comprehension skills. These are original learning questions, not questions reproduced from the references.
QUESTION 05Logical Reasoning
Compare causal explanations
Factories installed new river filters in March. Fish counts downstream rose during the following summer. An advocate concludes: The filters caused the increase in fish counts.
Which additional finding, if true, most weakens the advocate's conclusion?
Tests showed that the new filters removed a pollutant known to harm fish eggs.
The filters are the only factor that can ever affect fish numbers.
Factories installed new river filters in March.
The factories painted their offices in March.
An unusually strong upstream spawning season increased fish counts equally in rivers without new filters.
Answer: An unusually strong upstream spawning season increased fish counts equally in rivers without new filters.
The claimed conclusion is: The filters caused the increase in fish counts.
The finding supplies a relevant challenge: An unusually strong upstream spawning season increased fish counts equally in rivers without new filters.
It addresses the gap identified by this diagnosis: It treats an outcome following an intervention as establishing that the intervention caused it.
Compare the other answer choices
Tests showed that the new filters removed a pollutant known to harm fish eggs.
This supports the proposed conclusion or repairs its gap rather than weakening it.
The factories painted their offices in March.
This new fact does not address the connection between the stated evidence and conclusion.
Factories installed new river filters in March.
This repeats information already granted; repeating a premise does not supply a new challenge.
The filters are the only factor that can ever affect fish numbers.
This asserts an even stronger version of the conclusion rather than evidence against it.
Reference basis: Logical Reasoning skills. These are original learning questions, not questions reproduced from the references.
QUESTION 06Reading Comprehension
Compare positions without exaggerating disagreement
Original foundation reading selection (shorter than a full official passage):
Passage A: A museum should arrange objects by date so visitors can follow changes across time. Chronology supplies a shared framework and makes later departures from earlier practice visible. Passage B: Chronology is helpful, but grouping some objects by a common problem can reveal connections between distant periods. A thematic room need not replace the chronological galleries; it can invite visitors to reconsider them.
What role does the statement 'Passage B says thematic rooms need not replace chronological galleries.' play in the selection?
It replaces the passage's central distinction with an unrestricted rule applying to every possible case.
It proves that no further qualification of the central claim could ever be necessary.
It presents a view that the author dismisses as impossible in every case.
It qualifies the second author's proposal so that it complements rather than abolishes the first approach.
It offers an objection that the passage ultimately rejects rather than incorporates into its central position.
Answer: It qualifies the second author's proposal so that it complements rather than abolishes the first approach.
The referenced statement says: Passage B says thematic rooms need not replace chronological galleries.
It qualifies the second author's proposal so that it complements rather than abolishes the first approach.
It contributes to the central point that passage B proposes thematic groupings as a complement to the chronology favored by Passage A.
Compare the other answer choices
It presents a view that the author dismisses as impossible in every case.
The cited material is used constructively, not dismissed without exception.
It offers an objection that the passage ultimately rejects rather than incorporates into its central position.
The passage uses the detail to develop or qualify its position, not simply to reject it.
It replaces the passage's central distinction with an unrestricted rule applying to every possible case.
The detail develops a limited distinction rather than abolishing its qualifications.
It proves that no further qualification of the central claim could ever be necessary.
The passage uses qualifications rather than establishing unrestricted finality.
Reference basis: Reading Comprehension skills. These are original learning questions, not questions reproduced from the references.
QUESTION 07Logical Reasoning
Preserve necessary and sufficient conditions
Every accepted archive submission has a catalog number. Every item with a catalog number is entered in the index. Noor's submission was accepted.
Which statement must be true?
Noor's submission is entered in the index.
Every cataloged item was submitted by Noor.
A rejected submission cannot receive a catalog number.
Every indexed item is an accepted submission.
Noor's submission is the only accepted submission.
Answer: Noor's submission is entered in the index.
Acceptance implies a catalog number.
A catalog number implies index entry.
Apply both implications to Noor's accepted submission.
Compare the other answer choices
Every indexed item is an accepted submission.
The converse is not given.
Noor's submission is the only accepted submission.
The rules give no uniqueness claim.
Every cataloged item was submitted by Noor.
The rules do not identify submitters.
A rejected submission cannot receive a catalog number.
Acceptance is sufficient for a catalog number, not stated as necessary.
Reference basis: Logical Reasoning skills. These are original learning questions, not questions reproduced from the references.
QUESTION 08Logical Reasoning
Control quantities and scope
Average annual pay at a shop rose after a highly paid manager joined. The shop kept the same number of hourly employees. An advocate concludes: The hourly employees must now earn more than before.
Which statement is the advocate's main conclusion?
The shop kept the same number of hourly employees.
Average annual pay at a shop rose after a highly paid manager joined.
The hourly employees must now earn more than before.
Every employee received the same percentage raise.
The hourly employees kept their old wages while the new manager raised the overall average.
Answer: The hourly employees must now earn more than before.
The advocate offers these observations: Average annual pay at a shop rose after a highly paid manager joined. The shop kept the same number of hourly employees.
The target claim is introduced as what the advocate concludes: The hourly employees must now earn more than before.
Identifying a conclusion does not require accepting it; the task concerns its argumentative role.
Compare the other answer choices
Average annual pay at a shop rose after a highly paid manager joined.
This is a stated premise, offered as evidence rather than the target conclusion.
The shop kept the same number of hourly employees.
This is background or supporting information, not the claim the advocate infers.
Every employee received the same percentage raise.
This adds a stronger claim than the advocate actually states.
The hourly employees kept their old wages while the new manager raised the overall average.
This is a possible counterfinding, not the claim the advocate aims to establish.
Reference basis: Logical Reasoning skills. These are original learning questions, not questions reproduced from the references.
QUESTION 09Logical Reasoning
Test the relevant similarity
A mainland city reduced congestion after adding evening ferries. An island town is also considering evening ferries. An advocate concludes: Evening ferries will reduce congestion in the island town.
Which description most accurately identifies the reasoning error?
It treats the island's geography as proof that traffic is impossible.
It assumes that a ferry necessarily reduces every transport cost.
It relies on an analogy without establishing that a congestion-relevant feature is shared.
It assumes that the success of one ferry service proves that every possible transport proposal must succeed.
It concludes that mainland residents prefer ferries to every other form of transport from evidence only about reduced congestion.
Answer: It relies on an analogy without establishing that a congestion-relevant feature is shared.
The argument moves from a mainland city reduced congestion after adding evening ferries.
It relies on an analogy without establishing that a congestion-relevant feature is shared.
The other descriptions attribute procedures or inferences that the advocate never uses.
Compare the other answer choices
It treats the island's geography as proof that traffic is impossible.
This description attributes a different inference to the advocate. Compare its stated subject and commitment with the actual premises and conclusion.
It assumes that a ferry necessarily reduces every transport cost.
This description attributes a different inference to the advocate. Compare its stated subject and commitment with the actual premises and conclusion.
It concludes that mainland residents prefer ferries to every other form of transport from evidence only about reduced congestion.
This description attributes a different inference to the advocate. Compare its stated subject and commitment with the actual premises and conclusion.
It assumes that the success of one ferry service proves that every possible transport proposal must succeed.
This description attributes a different inference to the advocate. Compare its stated subject and commitment with the actual premises and conclusion.
Reference basis: Logical Reasoning skills. These are original learning questions, not questions reproduced from the references.
QUESTION 10Logical Reasoning
Evaluate evidence rather than labels
A celebrated chemist says a proposed bus timetable will reduce waiting times. The chemist has won several scientific prizes. An advocate concludes: The timetable will reduce waiting times.
Which additional finding, if true, most weakens the advocate's conclusion?
A transit simulation using verified passenger data predicts shorter waits.
The chemist usually travels by bicycle.
The chemist has not studied the timetable, passenger arrivals, or bus operations.
A celebrated chemist says a proposed bus timetable will reduce waiting times.
A prize-winning scientist is authoritative about every public policy.
Answer: The chemist has not studied the timetable, passenger arrivals, or bus operations.
The claimed conclusion is: The timetable will reduce waiting times.
The finding supplies a relevant challenge: The chemist has not studied the timetable, passenger arrivals, or bus operations.
It addresses the gap identified by this diagnosis: It treats expertise in an unrelated field as adequate support for a transit prediction.
Compare the other answer choices
A transit simulation using verified passenger data predicts shorter waits.
This supports the proposed conclusion or repairs its gap rather than weakening it.
The chemist usually travels by bicycle.
This new fact does not address the connection between the stated evidence and conclusion.
A celebrated chemist says a proposed bus timetable will reduce waiting times.
This repeats information already granted; repeating a premise does not supply a new challenge.
A prize-winning scientist is authoritative about every public policy.
This asserts an even stronger version of the conclusion rather than evidence against it.
Reference basis: Logical Reasoning skills. These are original learning questions, not questions reproduced from the references.
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Turn one question into a learning route
Start with the lesson linked to an unfamiliar topic, try a focused set in the practice studio, then return to the review cards. Your practice progress stays in this browser.
Catalog scope record: . This records the saved content mapping, not a guarantee that every external rule is current.
Original foundation practice, not official LSAT items or full-length simulation.
68 original shared-stimulus sets:43 argument sets,2 extra deductive tasks and23 reading sets; this is not68 distinct reasoning operations.
Reading selections are deliberately shorter than full official passages.
Argumentative Writing, full test timing and calibrated120–180 score estimates are not delivered.
Independent educator review and learner calibration pending.
LSAC has announced format changes startingAugust 2027; consult the official update for later testing.
Foundation pilot, not full syllabus coverage or official simulation
Question variants are not independent question designs
Independent educator review pending
Evidence integrity and structure checks do not establish factual or audiovisual fidelity
Check the exam provider's current information for registration, test rules and official preparation materials. The exam guide collects the relevant official references.
